Dr. Michael Kushner

Hip

Necrosis avascular (osteonecrosis) of the hip

Avascular necrosis occurs when the blood supply is interrupted to the femoral head and the bone, deprived of circulation, begins to die. If it progresses, the femoral head collapses and the joint is damaged. Causes and risk factors include prolonged corticosteroid use, heavy alcohol intake, certain blood disorders and some previous hip trauma or fractures; in other cases no cause is found.

The first symptom is usually groin pain, at first with activity and later at rest as well. What matters most is early diagnosis: in early stages the radiograph can be normal, which is why MRI is essential — it detects the necrosis before the bone collapses.

Treatment depends on the stage. In early stages, before collapse, there are options to preserve the femoral head (such as core decompression, sometimes with grafting). Once the head has collapsed and arthritis is present, total hip replacement is the treatment that restores function.

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Dr. Kushner’s approach: in osteonecrosis, time is joint. Detecting it on MRI before collapse opens the door to treatments that save the patient’s own hip.

When to seek care without waiting

What it gets confused with

FindingAvascular necrosisHip osteoarthritis
OnsetPain appearing over weeks, sometimes severe from the startSlow progression over years
Typical ageAdults aged 30 to 55Usually after 55
Initial radiographMay be normal: MRI is neededChanges visible early
Why it mattersDiagnosing it before collapse changes the optionsTreatment is guided by symptoms

Frequently asked questions

Why did I get this without an injury?

Necrosis can appear without trauma, associated with corticosteroids, alcohol or other causes — and sometimes with no identifiable cause.

Can the hip be saved?

Yes, if it is diagnosed early, before collapse. That is why persistent hip pain deserves investigation.

Can the hip be saved?

It depends above all on whether the femoral head has already collapsed. Before collapse there are procedures to preserve the joint; afterwards, reconstruction with a replacement is usually the reasonable option. That is why early diagnosis changes the prognosis.

My X-ray was normal but it still hurts.

That is typical in early stages. MRI detects necrosis much earlier than radiographs, and it is the indicated study when there is clinical suspicion.

Can it affect both hips?

Yes, bilateral involvement is common. When it is diagnosed on one side it is worth investigating the other, even if it does not hurt yet.

References

  1. Mont MA, et al. Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: where do we stand today? A 5-year update. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2020;102(12):1084-1099. DOI
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Reviewed by Dr. Michael David Kushner Shrem, orthopaedic and hip, pelvis and trauma surgeon in Panama. AO Foundation Faculty and Education Chair of AO Panama, fellowship-trained at Hadassah Ein Karem Hospital (Hebrew University of Jerusalem).

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Book a consultation with Dr. Kushner at COMEDSA. Bring any previous imaging for a complete assessment.

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Educational information reviewed by Dr. Michael Kushner Shrem. It does not replace an in-person medical assessment.